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Varaždin (Hungarian: Varasd, German: Warasdin) is
a city in northwestern Croatia, 81 km north of Zagreb on the highway A4. With
a population of 49,075 (2001), the centre of Varaždin county is located near
the Drava river, at 46:18:02N Lat. and 16:20:06E Long.. It's mainly known for
its baroque buildings and textile industry.
The first written reference to Varaždin was in 1181, when King Bela III mentioned the nearby thermal springs (Varaždinske Toplice) in a legal document. |
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Varaždin was declared a free royal borough in 1209 by the Hungarian-Croatian King Andrija II. The town became the economic and military centre of northern Croatia. Due to Turkish raids, the town was structured defensively around the old fortress, and acquired the shape of a typical medieval Wasserburg. In the early 13th century, the Knights Hospitaller (Croatian: Ivanovci) came to Varaždin, where they built the church and a monastery. At the end of the 14th century the Varaždin fortress passed into the hands of the Earls of Celje. Over the following centuries Varaždin had several owners, the most influential being Beatrice Frankopan, Margrave Juraj of Brandenburg, who built the town hall; the last was Baron Ivan Ungnad, who reinforced the existing fortification. At the end of the 16th century Count Toma Bakač Erdödy became its owner, assuming the hereditary position of Varaždin prefects (župan), and the fortress remained in the ownership of the Erdödy family until 1925. |
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Varaždin, with its unique monuments and
artistic heritage, represents the best preserved and richest urban complex
in continental Croatia.
The Old City (fortress) is a beautiful example of medieval defensive buildings. Construction began in the 14th century, and in the following century the rounded towers, typical of Ghotic architecture in Croatia, were added. Today it houses the Town Museum. The Old and Contemporary Masters Gallery is located in the Sermage Palace, built in the rococo style in 1750. In 1523, Count Juraj Brandenburg built the town hall in late baroque style, with the Varaždin coat of arms at the foot of the tower, and it has continued in its function until the present day. There is a guard-changing ceremony every Saturday. Varaždin's Cathedral, a former Jesuit church, was built in 1647, and is distinguished by its baroque entrance, eighteenth-century altar, and paintings. There are many baroque and rococo palaces and houses in the town. Worth particular mention is Varaždin's Croatian National Theatre, built in 1873 and designed by the famous Viennese architect Herman Helmer. |
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